Hi, I have read nearly all the tech docs possible before posting these words. The puzzle is still about the lower sound level of the dolby digital encoded audio. I think I do know all the meanings of the settings of the encoder. I just made such a test. I encoded a video and an audio file (48khz, 16bit,stereo) to DVD-MPG file with audio settings like this: encode in digital stereo mode, dialog normalize = -31db, any filter is off ,dc offset remove is off (for I want to get rid of any causes which can effect the sound level). as you know, the most important setting is dialog normalize. then I think the audio decoder won't attenuat the level of the decoded audio, since the setting is -31 db. but to my surprise, the playback audio is very easily to be heard lower than the origional audio file. I didn't use hardware players, all the software players which support metadata have this problem. I record the playback audio ( in digital ways) and compare with the origional file, it's very clear that the playback audio is lowered by about 6 dbs!!! why can this happen? as far as I know, no doc has explain this. anyone can solve this puzzle? thanks.